Medications 

• Statins : 

  These medications reduce cholesterol production in the liver, lowering LDL cholesterol and the risk of heart attack.

• Beta-Blockers: 

  Used to treat angina and high blood pressure, beta-blockers slow the heart rate and improve blood flow by blocking certain hormones.

• Nitrates : 

  Also called vasodilators, nitrates widen blood vessels, improving blood flow and reducing heart pain.

• ACE Inhibitors : 

  Commonly prescribed for high blood pressure, they reduce the level of a hormone that narrows blood vessels.

Procedures and Surgery

• Angioplasty and Stenting (PCI): 

  A procedure to open clogged arteries using a balloon and often followed by the placement of a stent (a small mesh tube) to keep the artery open. 

• Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): 

  An open-heart surgery where a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body is used to create a new path for blood around a blocked coronary artery. 

• Cardiac Catheterization : 

  A procedure used to diagnose blockages in the heart's arteries and may be part of procedures like angioplasty. 

• Other Procedures: 

  Depending on the specific condition, treatments may include ablations, cardioversion, or implantation of devices like stents or pacemakers. 

Specialized Care

• Cardiac Rehabilitation: 

  A monitored exercise program designed to help the heart recover and strengthen after an event, according to the Cleveland Clinic . 

• Active Surveillance: 

  For some conditions, careful monitoring without immediate medication or procedures may be appropriate. 

• Referral to Specialists: 

  If heart surgery is needed, a cardiologist will refer the patient to a cardiothoracic surgeon.